Evolución de la legislación brasileña sobre donación y trasplante de órganos / Evolution of the Brazilian legislation on organ donation and transplantation / Evolução da legislação brasileira sobre doação e transplante de órgãos

Resumen: El trasplante de órganos representa uno de los capítulos más exitosos en la historia de la salud mundial. Esta práctica terapéutica ya no es asociada, como otrora, al riesgo del procedimiento, sino a la oportunidad de ofrecer una nueva vida al receptor. El trasplante depende de la aceptación de la donación de órganos que, por involucrar aspectos relacionados con la vida y la muerte, implica dilemas éticos que estimulan la formulación de normas a su respecto. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo reflexionar sobre la evolución de la legislación brasileña que regula el Sistema Nacional de Trasplantes en lo que se refiere al proceso donación-trasplante, teniendo como foco los aspectos bioéticos asociados a la temática. Se identificó que la comprensión de la legislación en materia de salud propicia una actuación basada en los derechos fundamentales y la dignidad humana por parte del profesional de la salud. Desde esta perspectiva, es esencial que los profesionales de la salud posean, además de conocimientos técnicos, conocimientos jurídicos y comprensión de las normas existentes y su evolución, con el fin de garantizar los derechos fundamentales de las personas.

Abstract: Organ transplantation represents one of the most successful chapters in the history of world health. This therapeutic practice is no longer associated, as once, with the risk of the procedure, but with the opportunity to offer a new life to the recipient. The transplant depends on the acceptance of the donation of organs that, by involving aspects related to life and death, implies ethical dilemmas that stimulate the formulation of norms in this regard. This study aimed to reflect on the evolution of Brazilian legislation that regulates the National Transplant System in regard to the donation-transplant process, focusing on the bioethical aspects associated with the subject. It was identified that the understanding of health legislation encourages action based on fundamental rights and human dignity by the health professional. From this perspective, it is essential that health professionals possess, in addition to technical knowledge, legal knowledge and understanding of existing norms and their evolution, in order to guarantee the fundamental rights of people.

Resumo: O transplante de órgãos representa um dos capítulos de mais sucesso na história da saúde mundial. Essa prática terapêutica já não é associada, como antes, ao risco do procedimento, mas, sim, à oportunidade de oferecer uma nova vida ao receptor. O transplante depende da aceitação da doação de órgãos que, por envolver aspectos relacionados com a vida e a morte, implica dilemas éticos que estimulam a formulação de normas a seu respeito. Este estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre a evolução da legislação brasileira que regula o Sistema Nacional de Transplante no que se refere ao processo doação-transplante, tendo como foco os aspectos bioéticos associados à temática. Identificou-se que o entendimento da legislação em matéria de saúde propicia uma atuação baseada nos direitos fundamentais e na dignidade humana por parte do profissional da saúde. A partir dessa perspectiva, é essencial que os profissionais da saúde possuam, além de conhecimentos técnicos, conhecimentos jurídicos e entendimento das normas existentes e sua evolução, com o fim de garantir os direitos fundamentais das pessoas.

Privatización o liderazgo profesional / Privatization or professional leadership

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Good Samaritan statutes: a malpractice defense for "doing the right thing".

Vascular surgeons are often called emergently to help treat bleeding patients. These cases may involve unexpected intraoperative bleeding, bleeding in the pregnant patient, or bleeding in patients in the emergency room. In many instances, the vascular surgeon is not "on call" and therefore has no legal duty to assist in the care of these patients. Unfortunately, because many of these types of cases result in litigation, some vascular surgeons refuse to respond to a call for help. Simply, it is important that vascular surgeons "do the right thing" and answer these requests for assistance. The legal system recognizes the need to protect physicians who appropriately respond and, therefore, Good Samaritan statutes were adopted.

[Legal and ethical limitations of competition in healthcare from a hospital owner's perspective]. / Wettbewerb zwischen Krankenhäusern--aus der Sicht eines Krankenhausträgers.

Competition is tough and the cost pressure enormous. Vivantes will actively meet the challenges of the market to gain a strong market position. All measures to improve competitiveness will be taken on the basis of the communal mandate to provide prioritised medical care; quality standards need to be maintained. In times of tight budgets Vivantes uses the limited funds carefully and focuses on using them wherever they will be most beneficial. Vivantes will achieve its ambitious business objectives by concentrating services sensibly, using efficient structures and focussing on interlocking processes.

[Comments on the EszCsM (Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family) decree No. 60/2004. (VII. 6.) about the rules of admission of psychiatric patients to mental health facilities and the restraints applicable in their care]. / A pszichiátriai betegek intézeti felvételének es az ellátásuk során alkalmazható korlátozó intézkedéseknek a szabályairól szóló 60/2004. (VII. 6.) ESzCsM rendelet margójára.

The authors compare the human right and medical aspects of the restraints which can be used in care of psychiatric patients. They outline the legislation in force and legislative objectives which were taken into consideration when codifying the ESzCsM (Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family) decree No. 60/2004. (VII. 6.) about the rules of admission of psychiatric patients to mental health facilities and the restraints applicable in care of them. The legal problems of the admission and its connection with the restraints and with the judicial review are summed up. Aspects for interpretation are given for the regulations of the decree which supposedly can prove to be most problematic in practice. Suggestions are made for the standpoints of legislative objectives which may seem necessary in the future.